992_設計課 Smart City by Wikipedia

Urban performance currently(一般) depends not only on the city's endowment(天賦) of hard infrastructure ('physical capital'), but also, and increasingly(越來越多) so, on the availability and quality of knowledge communication and social infrastructure ('intellectual and social capital'). The latter form of capital is decisive(決定性) for urban competitiveness(競爭力). It is against(針對) this background that the concept of the "smart city" has been introduced(介紹) as a strategic device to encompass modern urban production factors in a common framework and to highlight the growing importance of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), social and environmental capital in profiling(分析) the competitiveness of cities.^[1] The significance(意義、重要性) of these two assets(資產) - social and environmental capital - itself goes a long way to distinguish(辨別) smart cities from their more technology-laden counterparts, drawing a clear line between them and what goes under the name of either digital or intelligent cities.

都市發展逐漸的不在只是被關注在實體的基礎建設發展上，近年來越趨於在越來越多的，跟知識有關的，或者跟通訊有關的基礎建設上。近期的這些基礎建設決定了一個城市的競爭力。針對這個背景，智慧城市(Smart City)是一個都市成長以及突出的一個關鍵元素。關鍵在於ICT(資訊與通訊科技)、社會及環境資源。

智慧城市有別於數位城市(Digital City)和智能城市(Intelligent City)，更加著重於社會與環境資源。

Definition

Smart cities can be identified (and ranked) along six main axes or dimensions(尺寸).^[2] These axes are: a smart economy; smart mobility(流動性); a smart environment; smart people; smart living; and, finally, smart governance. These six axes connect with traditional regional(區域) and neoclassical theories of urban growth and development. In particular(特別是), the axes are based – respectively(分別) - on theories of regional competitiveness, transport and ICT economics, natural resources, human and social capital, quality of life, and participation of citizens in the governance of cities.

定義智慧城市(Smart City)建立在六個條件上：1.智慧經濟2.智慧的流動3.智慧環境4.智慧人群5.智慧生活6.智慧型治理。這六種條件來自於都市成長和開發的傳統區域與新古典理論。對於區域的競爭性而言，比較重要的是交通ICT經濟、自然資源、人群和社會資源、生活質量以及人民對於治理的參與。

A city can be defined as ‘smart’ when investments(投資) in human and social capital and traditional (transport) and modern (ICT) communication infrastructure fuel sustainable economic development and a high quality of life, with a wise management of natural resources, through participatory(參與) governance.
當一個城市開始投資於人群和社會資源，以及城市中傳統的與現代性的基礎建設，思考於永續經營與開發和高質量生活，並且有效的經營自然資源的治理，就可以被定義為智慧(Smart)

Policy Context

The concept of the smart city as the next stage in the process of urbanisation has been quite(相當) fashionable in the policy arena(舞台) in recent years, with the aim(目的) of drawing a distinction(區別) from the terms digital city or intelligent city.^[3] Its main focus is still on the role of ICT infrastructure, but much research has also been carried out on the role of human capital/education, social and relational capital and environmental interest as important drivers of urban growth.

有別於數位城市(Digital City)和智能城市(intelligent)，近幾年來，智慧城市型的都市理論成了一個政策舞台中非常熱門的概念。智慧城市主要聚焦於城市成長中，除了ICT概念的基礎建設，更多了著重於人群資源/教育、社會和關係資源以及環境議題。

The European Union (EU), in particular, has devoted(專門) constant efforts to devising(制定) a strategy for achieving(實現) urban growth in a smart sense for its metropolitan(大都會) city-regions.^[4][5] Other international institutions(機構) and thinktanks also believe in a wired, ICT-driven form of development. The Intelligent Community Forum produces, for instance, research on the local effects of the worldwide ICT revolution. The OECD and EUROSTAT Oslo Manual^[6] stresses instead the role of innovation in ICT sectors(行業) and provides a toolkit to identify consistent(一致) indicators(指標), thus shaping a sound framework of analysis for researchers on urban innovation. At a mesoregional level, we observe renewed attention for the role of soft communication infrastructure in determining economic performance.^[7]

特別是歐盟，在數個大都會型的區域當中，制定了許多珍對於實現都市進行智慧型成長的條件。其他國際機構也認同，城市的開發啟動了ICT的成長。舉例而言，智能社區，從地方影響了全球ICT的革命。OECD和EUROSTAT著重於發展ICT創新的行業，並提供了一些一致性的指標給予研究智慧城市的框架。而我們也從經濟表現上，持續觀察著定位於軟體社群型的基礎建設。

The availability and quality of the ICT infrastructure is not the only definition of a smart or intelligent city. Other definitions stress the role of human capital and education and learning in urban development. It has been shown, for example,^[8][9] that the most rapid(快速) urban growth rates have been achieved(實現) in cities where a high share of educated labour(勞動) force is available.

智慧城市或智能城市的定義，不僅於ICT基礎建設的可用性以及質量。其定義同樣也著重於人力資源和教育以及學習都市發展的角色。舉例而言，快速成長的城市必然帶有快速分享及可得的智慧勞力。

Innovation is driven by entrepreneurs(企業家) who innovate in industries and products which require an increasingly more skilled labour force(技術性勞動力). Because not all cities are equally successful in investing(投資) in human capital, an educated labour force – the 'creative class' ^[10] – is spatially clustering(簇群、串) over time. This tendency(趨勢) for cities to diverge(偏離) in terms of human capital has attracted the attention of researchers and policy makers. It turns out that some cities, which were in the past better endowed(資助) with a skilled labour force, have managed to attract more skilled labour, whereas competing cities failed to do so. Policy makers, and in particular European ones, are most likely to attach a consistent(一致的) weight to spatial homogeneity(同質); in these circumstances(情勢) the progressive clustering of urban human capital is then a major concern.

革新的驅動來自於，以增加智慧技術行勞動力為方向，去變革工業和產業的企業家，並非所有的城市都成功平均的投資在人力資源，因為智慧型勞力會隨著時間被串起。這個趨勢促使城市偏離了被研究者或決策者關注的部分。這顯示了部分過去曾有比較優越的技術性勞力資助的城市，會去吸引更多的技術性勞動力，但具有競爭性的城市並不會這麼做。特別是歐盟的決策者，進一步的去延攬更多的人力資源，成為了一個主要的焦點。